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Q&A: Is freedom of religion a civil right in the united states? Is this covered under the constitution?

Question by hateevilstalkers: Is freedom of religion a civil right in the united states? Is this covered under the constitution?
Is it allowed by anyone – citizen or otherwise, to practice any religion in the U.S.A? What does the constitution say ? If we do see anyone’s objections, what action can one take ?

Best answer:

Answer by Glen B
First amendment protects freedom of religion. It’s granted to all citizens natural and unnatural. Objections can be voiced but no steps can prevent anyone from practicing any religion.

Know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

Posted on February 12, 2012 by , 8 comments

In comparison to the United States Constitution, how difficult is it to amend State constitutions?

Question by Bob J: In comparison to the United States Constitution, how difficult is it to amend State constitutions?
The United States Constitution is much easier to amend.

They are both very difficult to amend.

Some State constitutions are easier to amend, but most are more difficult

State constitutions are relatively easy to amend.

Best answer:

Answer by wartz
My state California, is much easier. It took a majority vote of the voters last week. The US Constitution requires a 2/3 vote of congress to send an amendment to the states and approval by 3.4 of them before it is ratified.

Know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

Posted on September 13, 2011 by , 3 comments

?Homeland Security and Defense? is Penn State?s First Online Minor

‘Homeland Security and Defense’ is Penn State’s First Online Minor












University Park, PA (PRWEB) August 03, 2011

Penn State undergraduate students who want to expand their career opportunities now have a new online option. The homeland security and defense minor is Penn State’s first online minor. It will enable students to acquire specialized knowledge and skills for jobs in the homeland security field, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects will grow by as much as 20 percent in the coming decade for occupations in emergency management, first response, law enforcement, and state, local and federal government.

“Students in political science, criminal justice, law and society, and organizational leadership, in particular, will benefit from the minor in homeland security and defense, which will prepare them for entry-level positions in homeland security fields,” said Steven Peterson, Ph.D., professor of politics and public affairs at Penn State Harrisburg and lead faculty member for the minor. “The minor will also facilitate their entrance into Penn State’s online master’s degree in homeland security.”

Penn State Harrisburg’s School of Public Affairs offers the 18-credit minor, which is delivered online by Penn State’s World Campus. The minor covers topics on homeland security and defense, terrorism, national security policy, security administration, border security, emergency management and critical infrastructure. “It is a logical evolutionary step for Penn State’s online educational portfolio,” Peterson said.

“Occupations in homeland security are broadly distributed throughout the country, which makes online program delivery a good option for first responders and others working in this field,” said Jeremy Plant, Ph.D., professor of public policy and base program coordinator for the online master’s degree in homeland security. “For Penn State graduates of the minor, enrolling in the master’s degree will be seamless.”

Information about the online homeland security and defense minor is available by cell phone and computer.

Penn State World Campus specializes in adult online education, delivering more than 70 of Penn State’s most highly regarded graduate, undergraduate and professional education programs through convenient online formats. Founded in 1998, Penn State World Campus is the University’s 25th campus serving more than 8,500 students in all 50 states and around the world. World Campus is part of Penn State Outreach, the largest unified outreach organization in American higher education. Penn State Outreach serves more than 5 million people each year, delivering more than 2,000 programs to people in all 67 Pennsylvania counties, all 50 states and 114 countries worldwide.

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Posted on August 16, 2011 by , Reply

Why Intellectual Property Is Protected by the United States Constitution

The Constitution of the United States (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8) grants to Congress the powers to promote “the progress of science and useful arts” by providing inventors the limited but exclusive right to their discoveries. This applies to copyrights and patents, with trademarks similarly protected by Congress under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3).  Together, they are all protected under the umbrella of intellectual property.

The fundamental concept behind protecting intellectual property is that inventors, innovators, artists and others should be able to enjoy the fruits of their creativity and labor for a specified time period, after which the material becomes available for public use, according to E. Anthony Wayne, former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs, whose views were published in the U.S. Department of State publication, Focus on Intellectual Property Rights (2008). He goes on to say: “Society benefits because this incentive to create will yield a rich and varied cultural menu for its citizens. Indeed, one can say that copyright protection is a necessary ingredient for ensuring cultural wealth in our societies.”

In societies, such as developing countries, where intellectual property is not protected, ingenuity is stifled and progress stymied.

Americans have always been innovators and inventors. It is part of the pride that we take in our common heritage. Patents provide the protection and the incentive, financial and otherwise, for taking a risk. They protect diverse inventions such as industrial designs, manufacturing processes, high-tech products and molecular compounds.

Yet, the idea of protecting intellectual property remains abstract to some.  The practicality of enforcing this Constitution protected right becomes clear when actual cases are examined. Here are three that stemmed from inventions in the late 1990’s:

1.  Amazon’s 1-Click

Amazon was granted a patent for 1-click technology on September 28, 1999. Also known as one-click buying, the technology allows customers to make an online purchase in a single click—without having to manually input billing and shipping information every time they purchase a product. Instead, 1-click uses a billing address and credit card or other payment info that is kept on file in the user’s account.

There have been several patent disputes surrounding 1-click technology, including a patent infringement lawsuit filed against Barnes & Noble in 1999—only a month after Amazon’s patent was issued. Barnes & Noble offered a checkout option called “Express Lane,” which also enabled shoppers to make a purchase with one click. The lawsuit was settled in 2002; however, the terms were not disclosed. (Source: Legal.zoom.com)

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2.  Napster

In one of the most well-known dot.com intellectual property cases, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) sued Napster, a file-sharing site. Founded in 1999, Napster allowed users to share music files and thousands of people began downloading songs for free rather than buying CDs.

However, Napster did not own the rights to the music that people were uploading to its servers, where the music was stored and ultimately shared. The rights were owned by the recording artists and recording studios. The RIAA sued Napster and won, causing Napster to close its doors—or its servers, as the case may be. Napster now operates as a fee-based music download site and pays licensing fees for the music it sells. (Source:  Legal.zoom.com)

3.  AVS TechnologyTM

AVS Technology covers the input into a computer system of vendor attributes and project specifications, which are then matched to determine a subset of qualified vendors, followed by the sending of the specifications to the qualified vendors and the receiving of at least one bid.  While this method may be in use today across many industry sectors, it was first patented in 2002 and subsequently protected with further patents in 2008 and 2010, with additional patent claims pending on an active continuing application.  AVS Technology makes it possible for organizations to add significant sums to profitability through savings in the procured costs of custom goods and services (such as specialty manufacturing, temporary staffing, construction services, machined parts, textiles, direct mail, marketing materials, commercial print, packaging, labels, and more).

The inventor has a right, even an obligation, to protect intellectual property and have the technology in use licensed.  In the recording industry or consumer goods industry, reproduction or use without licensing is called pirating.  A case is pending to protect AVS Technology. (Source: e-LYNXX Corporation vs. InnerWorkings, Inc., et.al.)

Protecting intellectual property encourages problem solving through invention.  Without this constitutionally protected right, what is the incentive to labor and invest in a new product or service that will benefit society?  The concept of protecting intellectual property is based on a trade-off. The inventor is granted an economic incentive to take risks and create. The public benefits not only from the invention itself, but also from the inventor’s knowledge for possible uses in other applications.

 

About e-LYNXX Corporation

e-LYNXX Corporation patented the technology integral to e-commerce.  Endorsed by Educational & Institutional Cooperative Purchasing (E&I) and Printing Industries of America (PIA), e-LYNXX drives results through its three divisions.  ● AVS TechnologyTM licenses the patented* automated vendor selection procedure used in e-commerce and procurement systems.  ● American Print Management provides web-based system, services and patented AVS TechnologyTM to reduce substantially the procured costs of direct mail, marketing, publications, packaging, labels and other procured print.   ● Government Print Management offers effective U.S. GPO bid services and strategies.  www.e-LYNXX.com – 888-876-5432

 

*U. S. Patent No. 6,397,197, Patent No. 7,451,106, post-Bilski Patent No. 7,788,143, and Continuing Application 12/855,423 (collectively, the AVS TechnologyTM) – This thicket of patents covers all custom goods and services, not just print.  To inquire about licensing, contact Anthony Hawks at 888-876-5432 or Michael Cannata at 905-773-2207.

William Gindlesperger, a nationally recognized entrepreneur, inventor, author and consultant in print and procurement, founded ABC Advisors and its successor, e-LYNXX Corporation, in 1975.   Print buyers and suppliers alike have benefited from his insight and innovation. Mr. Gindlesperger has advised Congress on the development, operations and future of the U. S. Government Printing Office (GPO) and the federal print program in general. In 2009, he was inducted into Printing Industries of America’s prestigious Ben Franklin Honor Society for his lifetime achievements. The editors of Supply & Demand Chain Executive magazine named him one of the most influential procurement leaders in North America in 2010.  Mr. Gindlesperger invented the Automated Vendor Selection Technology that optimizes cost reduction in the procurement of specification-defined goods and services. A native of Chambersburg, Pa., Mr. Gindlesperger is a graduate of Dickinson College.

Article from articlesbase.com

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Posted on August 3, 2011 by , Reply

Military Naturalization Ceremony – Yongsan Korea – 15 December 2008 – USFK – United States Army – USAG-Y

Check out these Citizenship and Freedom images:

Military Naturalization Ceremony – Yongsan Korea – 15 December 2008 – USFK – United States Army – USAG-Y
Citizenship and Freedom
Image by US Army Korea – IMCOM
Army in Korea celebrates newest citizens

“You have moved to several posts waiting for your application [citizenship] to catch up with you—today it caught up.”
— Kenneth J. Sherman, Citizenship and Immigration Services Field Office Director, U.S. Embassy, Seoul

The Army Family in Korea welcomed 43 new American citizens to its ranks during a naturalization ceremony held at United States Army Garrison Yongsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Dec. 15. Thirty-seven active-duty Servicemembers and six spouses of active-duty military members were naturalized as American citizens during the ceremony.

Although this was the first time the newly-naturalized citizens swore the Oath of Allegiance, many of the Servicemembers present had already demonstrated their patriotism while serving in Iraq and Afghanistan before becoming U.S. citizens. Staff Sgt. Francis Manalac, originally from the Philippines, said he started the naturalization process while serving in Iraq. “This is a very special ceremony,” he said. “Today is the culmination of a four-year process.” Staff Sgt. Manalac now calls Chicago home.

“All are being naturalized because of their service,” said Kenneth J. Sherman, Citizen and Immigration Services Field Office Director, U.S. Embassy, Seoul. “They are from 20 countries, on five continents with one thing in common—their service and sacrifice. There are people in this audience who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan—willing to give the ultimate sacrifice.”

Sherman also noted that it is not only the Soldiers and Sailors who sacrifice and endure, but military families as well. That is the reasoning behind a new program allowing spouses of active-duty military members to become naturalized while living overseas, he said. On Jan. 28, 2008, President George W. Bush signed a bill, which was passed by Congress, permitting spouses stationed with their sponsor overseas to pursue naturalization.

The candidates hailed from United Kingdom, India, Jamaica, Russia, Ghana and many other nations from throughout the world. “This is not just a list of countries,” Sherman explained. “It’s the history and the future of the United States. The U.S. is built on immigration–it strengthens every aspect America, from our economy to our culture, to expanding our freedoms.”

“All my life all I’ve known is America,” said Private 1st Class Phinnara Pai, 2nd Infantry Division. “Why not become an American citizen?” Pai said he was once a child refugee from Cambodia.

“Many here today appreciate America, our freedoms, our Constitution, in a way people born there perhaps do not,” said Sherman. Private 2nd Class Tanya Erica Gorham, originally from Barbados, expressed similar sentiments about taking the “rough path” to American citizenship. “I’m glad I can go about achieving it this way to appreciate it more,” she said. “I want to instill in my son that it is a privilege to be born in a country so free.”

To learn more about living and serving with the US Army in Korea visit us online at imcom.korea.army.mil

Military Naturalization Ceremony – Yongsan Korea – 15 December 2008 – USFK – United States Army – USAG-Y
Citizenship and Freedom
Image by US Army Korea – IMCOM
Army in Korea celebrates newest citizens

“You have moved to several posts waiting for your application [citizenship] to catch up with you—today it caught up.”
— Kenneth J. Sherman, Citizenship and Immigration Services Field Office Director, U.S. Embassy, Seoul

The Army Family in Korea welcomed 43 new American citizens to its ranks during a naturalization ceremony held at United States Army Garrison Yongsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Dec. 15. Thirty-seven active-duty Servicemembers and six spouses of active-duty military members were naturalized as American citizens during the ceremony.

Although this was the first time the newly-naturalized citizens swore the Oath of Allegiance, many of the Servicemembers present had already demonstrated their patriotism while serving in Iraq and Afghanistan before becoming U.S. citizens. Staff Sgt. Francis Manalac, originally from the Philippines, said he started the naturalization process while serving in Iraq. “This is a very special ceremony,” he said. “Today is the culmination of a four-year process.” Staff Sgt. Manalac now calls Chicago home.

“All are being naturalized because of their service,” said Kenneth J. Sherman, Citizen and Immigration Services Field Office Director, U.S. Embassy, Seoul. “They are from 20 countries, on five continents with one thing in common—their service and sacrifice. There are people in this audience who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan—willing to give the ultimate sacrifice.”

Sherman also noted that it is not only the Soldiers and Sailors who sacrifice and endure, but military families as well. That is the reasoning behind a new program allowing spouses of active-duty military members to become naturalized while living overseas, he said. On Jan. 28, 2008, President George W. Bush signed a bill, which was passed by Congress, permitting spouses stationed with their sponsor overseas to pursue naturalization.

The candidates hailed from United Kingdom, India, Jamaica, Russia, Ghana and many other nations from throughout the world. “This is not just a list of countries,” Sherman explained. “It’s the history and the future of the United States. The U.S. is built on immigration–it strengthens every aspect America, from our economy to our culture, to expanding our freedoms.”

“All my life all I’ve known is America,” said Private 1st Class Phinnara Pai, 2nd Infantry Division. “Why not become an American citizen?” Pai said he was once a child refugee from Cambodia.

“Many here today appreciate America, our freedoms, our Constitution, in a way people born there perhaps do not,” said Sherman. Private 2nd Class Tanya Erica Gorham, originally from Barbados, expressed similar sentiments about taking the “rough path” to American citizenship. “I’m glad I can go about achieving it this way to appreciate it more,” she said. “I want to instill in my son that it is a privilege to be born in a country so free.”

To learn more about living and serving with the US Army in Korea visit us online at imcom.korea.army.mil

Military Naturalization Ceremony – Yongsan Korea – 15 December 2008 – USFK – United States Army – USAG-Y
Citizenship and Freedom
Image by US Army Korea – IMCOM
Army in Korea celebrates newest citizens

“You have moved to several posts waiting for your application [citizenship] to catch up with you—today it caught up.”
— Kenneth J. Sherman, Citizenship and Immigration Services Field Office Director, U.S. Embassy, Seoul

The Army Family in Korea welcomed 43 new American citizens to its ranks during a naturalization ceremony held at United States Army Garrison Yongsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Dec. 15. Thirty-seven active-duty Servicemembers and six spouses of active-duty military members were naturalized as American citizens during the ceremony.

Although this was the first time the newly-naturalized citizens swore the Oath of Allegiance, many of the Servicemembers present had already demonstrated their patriotism while serving in Iraq and Afghanistan before becoming U.S. citizens. Staff Sgt. Francis Manalac, originally from the Philippines, said he started the naturalization process while serving in Iraq. “This is a very special ceremony,” he said. “Today is the culmination of a four-year process.” Staff Sgt. Manalac now calls Chicago home.

“All are being naturalized because of their service,” said Kenneth J. Sherman, Citizen and Immigration Services Field Office Director, U.S. Embassy, Seoul. “They are from 20 countries, on five continents with one thing in common—their service and sacrifice. There are people in this audience who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan—willing to give the ultimate sacrifice.”

Sherman also noted that it is not only the Soldiers and Sailors who sacrifice and endure, but military families as well. That is the reasoning behind a new program allowing spouses of active-duty military members to become naturalized while living overseas, he said. On Jan. 28, 2008, President George W. Bush signed a bill, which was passed by Congress, permitting spouses stationed with their sponsor overseas to pursue naturalization.

The candidates hailed from United Kingdom, India, Jamaica, Russia, Ghana and many other nations from throughout the world. “This is not just a list of countries,” Sherman explained. “It’s the history and the future of the United States. The U.S. is built on immigration–it strengthens every aspect America, from our economy to our culture, to expanding our freedoms.”

“All my life all I’ve known is America,” said Private 1st Class Phinnara Pai, 2nd Infantry Division. “Why not become an American citizen?” Pai said he was once a child refugee from Cambodia.

“Many here today appreciate America, our freedoms, our Constitution, in a way people born there perhaps do not,” said Sherman. Private 2nd Class Tanya Erica Gorham, originally from Barbados, expressed similar sentiments about taking the “rough path” to American citizenship. “I’m glad I can go about achieving it this way to appreciate it more,” she said. “I want to instill in my son that it is a privilege to be born in a country so free.”

To learn more about living and serving with the US Army in Korea visit us online at imcom.korea.army.mil

Posted on July 19, 2011 by , Reply

Q&A: How did the Massachusetts constitution differ in important ways from those of other states?

Question by mrsandmanlol: How did the Massachusetts constitution differ in important ways from those of other states?
The Massachusetts constitution differed in important ways from those of the other states. Describe these differences.

Best answer:

Answer by snapshot =oozer
i found a site that ‘s help you
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Constitution

Know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

Posted on June 7, 2011 by , Reply

How important is the Constitution of the United States in everyday life?

Question by Happy: How important is the Constitution of the United States in everyday life?
1. How important is the Constitution of the United States in everyday life?

2. Is all outside communication made by a company which sells a product or service considered “commercial speech”?

3. Can a company make public comments without intending directly or indirectly to promote its product? Why or why not?

4. What limits, if any, should be in place for such speech?

Best answer:

Answer by TheOnlyBeldin
1. It should be very important, but you’d be amazed at the number of idiots in this country who will surrender their Constitutional rights or the limits placed upon the government in exchange for “free” health care.
2. Not all communication.
3. Yes, they can, as they enjoy the same free speech rights as anyone else.
4. Beyond the crowded theater argument, or slander, free speech should be unlimited.

Know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

Posted on May 7, 2011 by , 1 comment

The United States Constitution – Part 2 ? Article 1, Section 1 & 2

The Constitution
by Ewan-M

 

Article. I.

Section. 1.

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

This section of article 1 spells out WHERE the laws are to be made and both parts of this branch of government are named.

 

It also states very clearly that ‘all legislative power granted’. In other words “The Power that WE the People give to you to make laws”

Section. 2.

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

Representatives of the states will stand for election every 2 years. They will be elected by the people that legally live in the state that the representative will represent. The framers of the Constitution understood that this body will have the largest number of elected officials in it.


No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

In order to be a representative, a candidate must be (at least) 25 years old.

That candidate must be a citizen of the Unites States for (at least) Seven years.

Finally, a person standing for election to this body must legally live in the state they wish to represent.


Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.

 

Representatives (congressman) shall be allocated from the states in accordance with the number of people that are in each state. Large States: more reps, Small states: less reps. The tax burden will be allocated the same way. The count will consist of Free People, those hired for work and it will not include (native-Americans) Indians. All others, for purposes of representation and taxes will be counted as 3/5 people. This last was done so that the slave trade could be abolished in due time.

 

The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct.

 

This enumeration,or ‘count’ shall occur the first time 3 years after the first meeting of congress (to allow it to begin in an even numbered year) and will be conducted each ten years after that. This has been called ‘the Census’

 

The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative;

 

This is fairly self-explanatory: for every 30,000 (or portion thereof) people counted there will be 1 representative for the state in the National Congress. This itself would allow for more representatives for larger states.

 

and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

This portion established the representatives to the first congress to be elected to get everything going.


When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

 

As vacancies occur (Deaths, Resignations, Imprisonment, Election to higher office, etc.) The Governor of the state having the vacancy will establish the procedures for filling that seat. (The representatives work for the State, not the Federal Government!)

The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

The House of Representatives (Congress) will elect a Leader, Chairman, (etc.) called in this document the Speaker Of The House AND they will decide if and when impeachment of the President is in order.

That is an interesting combinations of responsibilities neither of which should be taken lightly.

 

 I have been an America Lover for the past 55 years!  I believe that the elected officials that do not have a grasp of what our fore fathers said and did to create this very remarkable experiment in Representative Government should be put out to pasture!

 

Please go to http://www.squidoo.com/usa-constitution/ for a very interesting examination of this document.

 

Article from articlesbase.com

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Posted on May 6, 2011 by , Reply

How do state constitutions compare in length and detail to the United States constitution?

Question by dicegamble: How do state constitutions compare in length and detail to the United States constitution?
How do state constitutions compare in length and detail to the United States constitution
Please help!!!

Best answer:

Answer by optical illusion
Here are some helpful links for your review.

Constitution for the United States of America
http://www.constitution.org/constit_.htm

Each state in the United States has its own constitution. Of course, all state constitutions are inferior (in a legal sense) to the United States Constitution, and when reading state constitutions, this must be kept in mind – a state constitution, for example, cannot validly authorize a state religion. However, many state constitutions guarantee civil rights that the United States Constitution does not. The Vermont Constitution, for example, abolished slavery long before the U.S. Constitution did so.

Below is a list of links to online versions of state constitutions.
http://www.constitution.org/cons/usstcons.htm

The following U.S. territories also have constitutions:
American Samoa
http://www.asbar.org/asconst.htm
Guam
http://www.guamattorneygeneral.com/pdf/oa2000.pdf
Puerto Rico
http://premium.caribe.net/~amvr/constitu.htm
US Virgin Islands
http://assembler.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode48/usc_sup_01_48_10_7.html

o_O

Know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

Posted on March 31, 2011 by , Reply

How does the constitution relate to the President of the United States?

Question by Chillay H: How does the constitution relate to the President of the United States?
How does the constitution relate to the President of the United States?
How does the constitution limit the president’s powers?

Best answer:

Answer by ?
It’s the law of the land. It has rules in it that directly apply to the President.

What do you think? Answer below!

Posted on March 19, 2011 by , 2 comments
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