Traditional energy security and energy security, non-traditional hard-compatible. The addition of carbon constraints, increasing the complexity of energy security, a country traditionally difficult to fully achieve energy security and energy security of all non-traditional target

Last week, I attended a low carbon economy and carbon on the round-table discussion of financial issues. Most of the financial community as the participants, the question is more focused on carbon finance and investment opportunities in low-carbon economy. I am, “low carbon” now became a “basket”, it seems that something can be fitted look inside. We are very concerned about low-carbon economy, but many basic concepts that need addressing.

We know that low-carbon economy for “carbon” sky. Industrial revolution, due to human overuse of fossil energy, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise, global average temperature rising, there has been climate change. The so-called “greenhouse gases”, mainly refers to the “Kyoto Protocol” under the six gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas emissions account for about 80%.

Therefore, essentially speaking, low-carbon economy is an energy revolution, it requires human beings in economic development, improve energy efficiency, developing clean energy and reduce dependence on fossil energy, energy technology and emissions reduction technology to achieve innovation economic restructuring and institutional change, the pursuit of green GDP, the concept of human survival and development to achieve a fundamental change.

As an energy researcher, I am more concerned about the question is: low-carbon energy security in the end the traditional mean?

Traditionally, energy consumers and producers of “energy security” a great difference in understanding. For example, the same faces, “the supply of safe,” but the former’s “supply security” is available at reasonable rates and reliable energy supply sources; However, the “supply security” is adequate access to markets and consumers, channel, confirmed that the future investment While reasonable (and the protection of national income).

To my understanding, the traditional major concerns of energy security at reasonable prices, stable supply (mainly to the energy source), the form of energy concerns have mainly focused on fossil fuels – Mei Tan, oil and gas, security of oil and gas resources Tebie .

In the global context of climate change, low carbon economy, the world trend of economic development, clean use of traditional fossil energy sources, improve the non-fossil energy sources in energy consumption structure of a country’s share to become the inevitable choice. Non-fossil forms of energy – wind, solar energy’s biggest advantage is to reduce carbon emissions, that is the environmentally friendly energy sources; disadvantage relative to fossil fuels higher prices, and supply instability (mainly for its natural properties). Nuclear energy and hydropower is non-fossil energy sources, also environment-friendly energy. But because the special nuclear materials, nuclear safety issues primarily manifested in the proliferation of nuclear leaks and concerns, major problem of water safety in water development on the surrounding natural environment and climatic environment.

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Therefore, the traditional energy security and energy security, non-traditional hard-compatible. Carbon is a new rules of the game is being in the original economic system added a new, more stringent constraints, actually increased the opportunity cost of using fossil fuels. The addition of carbon constraints, increasing the complexity of energy security, a country traditionally difficult to fully achieve energy security and energy security of all non-traditional targets.

As a growing developing country, China not only needs to ensure a reasonable price to maintain a stable energy supply to support rapid economic development, but also in economic development, the need to reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, speed, improved the cleaner the energy specific gravity to address climate change.

Clearly, low-carbon impact of China’s energy strategy and energy security in all dimensions. Classified according to national boundaries, energy security, energy development from domestic and international energy diplomacy are two dimensions to be observed; in accordance with the related areas of energy security from the economic security and political security are two dimensions to be observed.

Security and energy development in the economic dimension, low-carbon energy security requirements under the country must improve the energy structure (increase share of renewable energy, clean use of coal, to develop unconventional natural gas), promoting energy conservation (the energy consumption indicators and Carbon emissions targets to continue to write national planning, and to different regions and different sectors and between the rational allocation of emission reduction targets), the implementation of energy market reform, improving energy market structure, improve the pricing mechanism;

In the economic security and diplomatic dimensions of energy, requires States to take measures to ensure stable energy prices, energy pricing to participate and, through international negotiations and domestic carbon market building guarantee a reasonable carbon price;

Security and energy development in the political dimension, requires the State to protect enterprises “going out”, involved in hot oil and gas exploration area, appropriately increase imports of fossil fuels, advanced energy development in sensitive areas of the layout;

Energy diplomacy in the political dimension of security and require a steady supply of national security, diversification of sources and transport security (access and methods), while active participation in international energy cooperation, participation in carbon-political game, fighting for the rule-making on climate change right.

In short, low-carbon era is actually a national energy strategy and energy security raised new issues, China will face pressure from traditional energy security and non-traditional challenges of energy security, it is not likely to achieve all the energy the same time security goals.